However, the film was eventually produced with a budget between US$ 100 million and US$ 146.7 million provided by independent sources, making it one of the most expensive independent films ever produced.
During its four years of development, the project met with some difficulties in securing financial support. The film was produced by Grant Hill and Stefan Arndt, in addition to the Wachowskis and Tykwer. Based on the 2004 novel of the same name by David Mitchell, the film has multiple plots occurring during six different eras in time, with the cast performing in different roles. Cloud Atlas is a 2012 epic science fiction film written and directed by the Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer.
